Scientists discover the largest coral colony on Earth in the Solomon Islands: Key insights on its size and age |

In a groundbreaking discovery, researchers have uncovered the world’s largest coral colony in the Solomon Islands, located in the southwest Pacific Ocean. This extraordinary find, made during an October 2024 expedition by National Geographic’s Pristine Seas team, reveals a massive coral structure visible even from space. Larger than a blue whale and estimated to be centuries old, this colossal colony has remained hidden until now, offering a rare glimpse into the resilience of marine life. As climate change threatens coral reefs worldwide, this discovery highlights both the beauty and fragility of these essential underwater ecosystems.
This discovery not only sheds light on the size and resilience of the largest coral colony on Earth but also raises important questions about the impact of climate change on marine ecosystems and the need for conservation efforts to protect these vital organisms. The discovery of this immense coral colony emphasises the fragility and beauty of our planet’s underwater worlds and the importance of safeguarding them for future generations.

Size, age, and discovery of the massive coral colony in the Solomon Islands

The massive coral colony measures 112 feet by 105 feet and sits at a depth of 42 feet underwater. It rises about 16 feet from the ocean floor and is estimated to be around 300 years old, though it could be much older. This discovery occurred just a day before the team was set to move to a new area for their research. A videographer who was documenting the impacts of climate change on the Pacific Ocean stumbled upon the coral while working, leading to the unexpected find.

Pavona clavus and its vibrant features

The coral is made up of nearly a billion tiny individual creatures that work together as a single organism. According to Molly Timmers, the expedition’s lead scientist, the colony is a type of hard coral called Pavona clavus—commonly known as shoulder blade coral. The coral’s distinctive features include columns that resemble shoulders, and its colour palette includes various shades of brown, yellow, red, pink, and blue.

Timeless beauty of corals and their enduring legacy

One of the photographers on the expedition, Manu San Felix, described the coral as being like an “underwater cathedral.” He expressed a deep sense of awe and reverence for the coral, noting its long existence in one place, enduring for centuries despite the challenges of climate change and oceanic changes. The coral’s longevity evokes a sense of connection to the distant past, as Timmers explained, saying that the discovery felt like seeing ancestors still present in the water.

Importance of corals and their vulnerability to climate change

Corals, which are animals closely related to jellyfish and sea anemones, form colonies by clustering thousands of individual polyps. These colonies make up coral reefs, which are vital ecosystems for marine life. Sadly, corals are increasingly threatened by warming ocean temperatures and the effects of climate change. However, the coral colony in question seems to have avoided some of the worst impacts, likely because it resides in deeper waters, which provide some protection from the higher temperatures found closer to the surface.
Interestingly, the researchers suggest that the local people in the area may have mistaken the large coral colony for a massive rock due to its size and appearance. This is an intriguing reminder of how even the most extraordinary natural phenomena can go unnoticed by those living in close proximity. It also highlights the often-hidden richness of the natural world and how much there is still to discover, even in well-explored areas.

Significance of the discovery

This discovery is not only significant in terms of its size and age but also in the broader context of coral conservation and the impact of climate change on ocean ecosystems. Seeing such a resilient and ancient organism in its natural habitat has a powerful emotional effect on those who encounter it. For Timmers, it is a reminder of the continuity of life over time, underscoring the importance of preserving these vital ecosystems for future generations.
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